More on deafness...

dkg's picture
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So joelee, his mom, and i watched Sound and Fury, a really interesting documentary about the debate over cochlear implants. We've discussed this before, but seeing the documentary was really worth it. i recommend it.

There's more info about the film on-line here, and in particular, i recommend the deaf voices section. Very challenging, provoking stuff.

Discussion also turned to Laurent, South Dakota, which was featured in a recent NYT article (i think -- don't have the link handy): it's a town designed around ASL being the primary language.

Also, as an example of a way in which a society which allows for deafness can be more varied than a hearing-only society, i'll just include this story about the recent Ukrainian elections, where the sign-language interpreter on live, state-run TV deviated from the scripted election coverage:

In her own daring protest, she signed: "I am addressing everybody who is deaf in the Ukraine. Our president is Victor Yushchenko. Do not trust the results of the central election committee. They are all lies. . . . And I am very ashamed to translate such lies to you. Maybe you will see me again -- " she concluded, hinting at what fate might await her. She then continued signing the rest of officially scripted news.

The central questions seem to be: what does society owe to its differently-abled members? At what point does the value of an independent, minority culture outweigh the needs or convenience of the majority culture? And the old chestnut: what does it mean to be human?

The director's comments addre

The director's comments address the issue of subtitles here. It seems that he was working on the assumption that the majority of the viewers would be hearing. Given that one of the producers was also deaf, I'm surprised that this issue wasn't addressed in some fashion , even by at least having the option on the DVD to have subtitles.

One thing I realized however is that subtitles aren't necessarily a primary means of communication for those who use ASL. It would be quite strange I imagine for someone who uses ASL to see the subtitles translating the signs on screen. So perhaps these issues also came into play for this issue.

Reading some of the viewer reaction on the show's forums was quite interesting as well. It seems like the dialogue and overall debate is skewed by the fact that the hearing community has trouble viewing deafness as anything other than a disability, and the deaf community identifies it as a culture. Most of the time they're just talking past each other because of this.

One thing I find problematic is the analogy often used that if a treatment comparable to the Cochlear Implant was available for blindness, or for correcting a mobility or musculoskeletal problem, that everyone would accept that no questions asked.

I can certainly understand the desire to provide as much mobility, or sensory input as possible to allow for maximum independence, the analogy misses the point that cultural identity is primarily transported through language.

With some allowance for the idiom-based languages such as some East Asian languages, written language is usually a phonetic representation of the oral language. Hence, without access to the spoken language, the deaf community really had to create in essence its own cultural identity around a new language, not in the least as a reaction to the stigma and discrimination received from the hearing community.

I think that one fundamental misconception that the hearing community has is that ASL is just a visual form of English. I didn't realize the distinction myself before reading some of the links and info found on the film's website. It's a similar error to thinking of Chinese characters as written phonetic representations.
I had originally thought you could simply use written English vocabulary and grammar to correspond to a signed construction.

So... my point is that while sign language(SL)is a tool used to accommodate for deafness, in a similar way Braille is used for blindness, there is the fundamental difference that (SL) is also used to create cultural identity via language and is the primary means of communication. Blind people are still able to communicate via speech and hence partake in that cultural identity.

Once the hearing community becomes more sensitive to this distinction, then I think there will be less stigma attached to deafness and the deaf culture. Currently the hearing community typically associates the cultural identity of deafness with the disability and so usually doesn't see its value in the face of restoring a sense.

I think the Cochlear Implant would become less controversial when:
1)Hearing community better understands distinction between ASL and English.
2)Society recognizes ASL and resulting culture as legitimate cultural entity.
3)Greater societal tolerance/adaptation for people of differing physical and mental/psychological condition.

I think the deaf community has had to take a defensive position against CI because of the above conditions not being met, and so are forced to use the debate on CI as a proxy for these larger issues.

there were a couple of odd ci

there were a couple of odd cinematographic choices in the movie:

  • all of the signed conversations in the movie were overdubbed by professional voice actors.

  • the DVD didn't have any subtitles available

it just seems like an odd set of decisions for a movie as fundamentally concerned with accessiblity and questions of communication as this one.

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